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GERMAN · A WORD WITH POSSIBILITIES

Dunkelziffer.

dark figure (estimated number of unreported cases)

12 characters4 syllables approx.Deutsch language

Meaning & usage

noun/ˈdʊŋkəlˌt͡sɪfɐ/
  1. dark figure (estimated number of unreported cases)

    feminine · informal
Where this word comes from

From dunkel (“uncertain”, literally “dark”) + Ziffer (“figure”, literally “digit”). First used in 1908 in the PhD thesis Unverbesserliche Verbrecher und ihre Behandlung (p. 28) of Shigema Oba, a Japanese jurist who moved in 1905 to Germany to study Western law; supposedly based on English *dark-number, but this word is not attested. (English dark figure is calqued from German.)

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Definitions, grammatical labels, IPA, etymology and examples: Wiktionary contributors, extracted by Kaikki / Wiktextract. Adapted under CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected fields and authored examples are shown; third-party quotations and audio are omitted. See contributor history.

Last enriched 2026-09-10. Definitions are in English. Romanizations are shown when supplied by the source; syllable estimates are omitted for unsupported scripts.