dürfen.
to be allowed (to do something); to be permitted (to do something); may
Meaning & usage
to be allowed (to do something); to be permitted (to do something); may
Darf ich gehen?
Ich habe gehen dürfen.
to be allowed or permitted to do something implied or previously stated; may
Ja, du darfst.
Ich habe es gedurft.
expresses a prediction with mild doubt, that something is estimated or probable
Der Zug dürfte in ein paar Minuten ankommen.
must, to have [got] to, gotta
Und nun ich darf wieder hinter euch aufräumen.
to need, to require
Where this word comes from
From Middle High German durfen, dürfen, from Old High German durfan, from Proto-West Germanic *þurban, cognate with Ancient Greek τέρπω (térpō, “I delight, please”), English tharf. See können for the origin of the historically unexpected umlaut.
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Definitions, grammatical labels, IPA, etymology and examples: Wiktionary contributors, extracted by Kaikki / Wiktextract. Adapted under CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected fields and authored examples are shown; third-party quotations and audio are omitted. See contributor history.
Last enriched 2026-09-10. Definitions are in English. Romanizations are shown when supplied by the source; syllable estimates are omitted for unsupported scripts.