es.
Refers to a neuter noun (person, animal, thing or abstract)
Meaning & usage
Refers to a neuter noun (person, animal, thing or abstract) it, they
Wo ist das Buch? Es liegt auf dem Tisch.
Welche Farbe hat das Pferd? Es ist weiß.
Refers to a neuter noun (person, animal, thing or abstract) he (when the grammatical gender of the noun being referred to and designating a male person, is neuter [das])
Ich bemerkte ein merkwürdiges bärtiges Individuum und beschloss, es im Auge zu behalten.
Refers to a neuter noun (person, animal, thing or abstract) she (when the grammatical gender of the noun being referred to and designating a feminine person, is neuter [das])
Das Mädchen wusste nicht, dass es beobachtet wurde.
it, that, there (used to refer to statements, activities, the environment etc., or as a placeholder/dummy pronoun)
Das kann es nicht geben.
Es war einmal eine schöne Prinzessin.
Where this word comes from
From Middle High German ëȥ, from Old High German iȥ, from Proto-Germanic *it (“it”). Compare English it, which instead descends from Proto-Germanic *hit (“it”). Cognate with Yiddish עס (es).
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Definitions, grammatical labels, IPA, etymology and examples: Wiktionary contributors, extracted by Kaikki / Wiktextract. Adapted under CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected fields and authored examples are shown; third-party quotations and audio are omitted. See contributor history.
Last enriched 2026-09-10. Definitions are in English. Romanizations are shown when supplied by the source; syllable estimates are omitted for unsupported scripts.