müssen.
to have to (do something); must; to be obliged (to do something); to need (to do something).
Meaning & usage
to have to (do something); must; to be obliged (to do something); to need (to do something).
Wir müssen es machen.
Wir haben es nicht machen müssen.
to have to do something implied; must; to be obliged.
Ja, ich muss.
Ja, ich habe gemusst.
to need to go to the bathroom.
Ich muss mal.
Where this word comes from
From Middle High German müeȥen, from Old High German muoȥan, from Proto-West Germanic *mōtan. The preservation of the original diphthong can still be seen in Bavarian muass, the first and third person singular present form of miassn. See können for the origin of the historically unexpected umlaut.
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Definitions, grammatical labels, IPA, etymology and examples: Wiktionary contributors, extracted by Kaikki / Wiktextract. Adapted under CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected fields and authored examples are shown; third-party quotations and audio are omitted. See contributor history.
Last enriched 2026-09-10. Definitions are in English. Romanizations are shown when supplied by the source; syllable estimates are omitted for unsupported scripts.