izan.
to be
Meaning & usage
to be to be (essentially or identified as)
Hau nire emaztea da.
to be to exist; to occur
Jaia bihar izango da.
to be to be (to occupy a place)
Baionan naiz.
to be to be (in a transient fashion)
Mahaia zikina da.
to be Used to conjugate intransitive (nor) verbs.
Zer gertatu da?
to be Used to conjugate intransitive verbs with dative arguments (nor nori verbs).
Txapela erori zaio.
Etorri zitzaigun.
Used to conjugate transitive (nor nork) verbs.
Liburua irakurri dut.
Used to conjugate transitive verbs with dative arguments (nor nori nork verbs).
Liburua eman nizun.
to have, to possess
Diru asko du.
Where this word comes from
A plausible reconstruction for the participle of the intransitive forms is Proto-Basque *eizani, while *edun can be reconstructed for the transitive ones. The verb forms in each paradigm have different etymologies: * NOR: from the participle prefix *e- + the stem -iza- (of unknown origin) + the past participle suffix -n. It has numerous suppletive stem forms. The present-tense forms have three stems: -a (third-person singular only), -aiz (with first- and second-person singular prefixes), and -ara (in first- and second-person plural forms). * NOR-NORI: the stem -(t)zai- occurs in the indicative forms. The potential and imperative forms have the suppletive stem -ki-. Forms with plural nor agreement throughout the paradigm have the suffix -zki- immediately attached the stem and preceding the nori agreement suffixes. * NOR-NORK: the stem -(d)u- forms the basis of the indicative forms. This stem also appears in the dialectal participle eduki. A verbal noun edutzea is attested from the fifteenth century, derived from either eduki or *edun. The potential and imperative forms are built on the stem -za- which becomes -tza- after a prefix ending in n. * NOR-NORI: the stem is -i- in the indicative, and -ieza- in the potential and imperative. As in the nor-nori izan paradigm, forms with plural nor (absolutive) agreement are suffixed with -zki-. This marker is attached directly to the stem and precedes other agreement suffixes.
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Definitions, grammatical labels, IPA, etymology and examples: Wiktionary contributors, extracted by Kaikki / Wiktextract. Adapted under CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected fields and authored examples are shown; third-party quotations and audio are omitted. See contributor history.
Last enriched 2026-09-10. Definitions are in English. Romanizations are shown when supplied by the source; syllable estimates are omitted for unsupported scripts.