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FINNISH · A WORD WITH POSSIBILITIES

joka.

who, which, that (referring to the previous word or phrase; see usage notes)

4 characters2 syllables approx.Suomi language

Meaning & usage

pron/ˈjokɑ/[ˈjo̞kɑ̝]
  1. who, which, that (referring to the previous word or phrase; see usage notes)

    relative
    Jos putoaa jäihin, kannattaa palata samaa reittiä, jota pitkin oli tullutkin.
    Hän säveltää harrastuksenaan musiikkia, jossa hän onkin taitava.
Where this word comes from

From Proto-Finnic *joka (compare Karelian joka, Votic jõka), from Proto-Finno-Permic *jo (compare Northern Sami juohkẹ, juogọ, Erzya ю- (ju-) in юза-тоза (juza-toza, “back and forth”), Eastern Mari южо (južo, “some”), Western Mari юж (juž, “some”)). The nominative and genitive singular forms, which would have otherwise been monosyllabic, have been extended with -ka (as with kuka and mikä).

det/ˈjokɑ/[ˈjo̞kɑ̝]
  1. every, each

    indeclinable
    joka kerta
    joka kolmas
Where this word comes from

From Proto-Finnic *joka (compare Karelian joka, Votic jõka), from Proto-Finno-Permic *jo (compare Northern Sami juohkẹ, juogọ, Erzya ю- (ju-) in юза-тоза (juza-toza, “back and forth”), Eastern Mari южо (južo, “some”), Western Mari юж (juž, “some”)). The nominative and genitive singular forms, which would have otherwise been monosyllabic, have been extended with -ka (as with kuka and mikä).

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joka studiojoka workshello, joka

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Definitions, grammatical labels, IPA, etymology and examples: Wiktionary contributors, extracted by Kaikki / Wiktextract. Adapted under CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected fields and authored examples are shown; third-party quotations and audio are omitted. See contributor history.

Last enriched 2026-09-10. Definitions are in English. Romanizations are shown when supplied by the source; syllable estimates are omitted for unsupported scripts.