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IRISH · A WORD WITH POSSIBILITIES

do.

prefixed before the preterite, imperfect and conditional forms of a verb

2 characters1 syllables approx.Gaeilge language

Meaning & usage

particle/d̪ˠo//d̪ˠə/
  1. prefixed before the preterite, imperfect and conditional forms of a verb

    Munster · literary · triggers-lenition
    do mhol sé
Where this word comes from

From confusion between Middle Irish ro- (in perfect), no- (in imperfect and conditional), and do- (of many verbs with that preverb), from Old Irish ro-, no-, to- respectively.

prep/d̪ˠo//d̪ˠə//ɡə/(as if spelled go; do and goConnacht/ə/Ulster, colloquial
  1. to, for

    triggers-lenition · with-dative
    do chara
  2. used with the possessive determiners mo, do, bhur to indicate the direct object of a verbal noun, in place of ag after a form of bí in the progressive aspect

    triggers-lenition · with-dative
    Tá sé do mo ghortú.
    Bhí sé do d’fhiafraí.
Where this word comes from

From Old Irish do, from Proto-Celtic *do (“to, for”).

particle/d̪ˠo//d̪ˠə/
  1. relative marker (in direct relative clauses)

    Munster · literary · triggers-lenition
    an cailín do mholann sé
Where this word comes from

Reanalysis of do (past tense marker) and the early modern unstressed preverb do- of verbs like do-gheibhim (“I get”), do-chím (“I see”) (and possibly also a- in a-tú (“I am”), a-deirim (“I say”)) in relative clauses as a relative marker.

det/d̪ˠo//d̪ˠə/
  1. your sg

    triggers-lenition
    Cá bhfuil do charr?
Where this word comes from

From Old Irish do, from Proto-Celtic *towe (“your, thy”); compare Welsh dy, Cornish dha, Breton da.

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Definitions, grammatical labels, IPA, etymology and examples: Wiktionary contributors, extracted by Kaikki / Wiktextract. Adapted under CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected fields and authored examples are shown; third-party quotations and audio are omitted. See contributor history.

Last enriched 2026-09-10. Definitions are in English. Romanizations are shown when supplied by the source; syllable estimates are omitted for unsupported scripts.