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INDONESIAN · A WORD WITH POSSIBILITIES

sumpah.

oath, vow

6 characters2 syllables approx.Bahasa Indonesia language

Meaning & usage

noun/ˈsumpah/Standard-Indonesian[ˈsum.pah]Standard-Indonesian

  1. oath, vow

Where this word comes from

Inherited from Malay sumpah, from either: * Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq. Cognate with Tagalog sumpa and Javanese sumpah; or * Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”), śumāpa (“to curse”), śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”), from Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”). First attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ).

noun/ˈsumpah/Standard-Indonesian[ˈsum.pah]Standard-Indonesian

  1. curse

  2. swear

Where this word comes from

Inherited from Malay sumpah, from either: * Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq. Cognate with Tagalog sumpa and Javanese sumpah; or * Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”), śumāpa (“to curse”), śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”), from Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”). First attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ).

adv/ˈsumpah/Standard-Indonesian[ˈsum.pah]Standard-Indonesian

  1. seriously, no joke, I swear, on God - emphasizing the seriousness or truthfulness of a statement.

    colloquial
    Bukan aku yang ambil, sumpah!
Where this word comes from

Inherited from Malay sumpah, from either: * Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sumpaq. Cognate with Tagalog sumpa and Javanese sumpah; or * Old Javanese sumpah (“oath, imprecation”), śumāpa (“to curse”), śāpa (“curse, malediction, abuse, oath, imprecation”) + -um- (“active, indicative verb”), from Sanskrit शाप (śāpa, “curse, oath”). First attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (sumpaḥ).

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Definitions, grammatical labels, IPA, etymology and examples: Wiktionary contributors, extracted by Kaikki / Wiktextract. Adapted under CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected fields and authored examples are shown; third-party quotations and audio are omitted. See contributor history.

Last enriched 2026-09-10. Definitions are in English. Romanizations are shown when supplied by the source; syllable estimates are omitted for unsupported scripts.