munus.
service; duty, office, function; gift; tribute, offering; bribes (pl.);
Meaning & usage
a service, office, employment
a burden, duty, obligation
a service, favor
a spectacle, public show
a public building made at the expense of an individual
a reward or payment
a gift
Where this word comes from
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *mey- Proto-Indo-European *moy-nósder. Proto-Italic *moinos Latin mūnus From Proto-Italic *moinos. Like mūnia (“duties”), it is derived from Proto-Indo-European *moy-nós, from *mey- (“change, swap”). As is the case with such derivatives as "municipality", and "immunity", the concept of trading goods and services in a way that conforms to a society's laws is quite pertinent to this term. From the addition of the "com-" prefix came commūnis (“common, public”), which is cognate to Proto-Germanic *gamainiz (“shared, communal, public”). The semantic shift to 'gift' is explained by Sextus Pompeius Festus thus: *
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Definitions, grammatical labels, IPA, etymology and examples: Wiktionary contributors, extracted by Kaikki / Wiktextract. Adapted under CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected fields and authored examples are shown; third-party quotations and audio are omitted. See contributor history.
Last enriched 2026-09-10. Definitions are in English. Romanizations are shown when supplied by the source; syllable estimates are omitted for unsupported scripts.