by.

forms the conditional mood; would, would've

On by tam nie poszedł./On nie poszedłby tam.

synonym of przynajmniej

Dej by złotego.

synonym of choćby

Nie pódó za niego, by mioł nawet milijón.

creates a clause in the subjunctive mood: creates a subordinate clause expressing desire or wish; to, so that, for that, in order to

Chciałbym, by poszła do domu.

creates a clause in the subjunctive mood: creates an optative clause; if only, had better, let

Bym zdał ten egzamin.

creates a clause in the subjunctive mood: creates a subordinate clause expressing aim or purpose, one's goal; to, so that, for that, in order to

Poprzekładam trochę rzeczy, by zrobić miejsce na więcej.

creates a clause in the subjunctive mood: creates a subordinate clause in which one states the possibility of something depends on something else; to, so that, for that, in order to

Musisz to dokończyć, by zacząć następne.

creates a clause in the subjunctive mood: introduces a subordinate clause relating a following event with a previous one that is not caused by the first event; just to, only to

creates a clause in the subjunctive mood: introduces a subordinate clause expression doubt; if