powinien.
ought; should (indicating duty or obligation)
Meaning & usage
ought; should (indicating duty or obligation)
ought; should (indicating advisability or prudence)
ought; should (indicating desirability)
ought; should (indicating likelihood or probability)
ought; should (indicating owing debt)
Where this word comes from
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep Proto-Indo-European *-o Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó Proto-Balto-Slavic *pa Proto-Slavic *po Old Polish po Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁- Proto-Balto-Slavic *wī́ˀtei Proto-Slavic *-na Proto-Slavic *vinà Old Polish winie Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Balto-Slavic *-inas Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ Old Polish -ny univ. Old Polish powinien Polish powinien Inherited from Old Polish powinien. By surface analysis, univerbation of po + winie + -ny. Compare Czech povinný.
ought (having a duty or obligation)
applicable, due, rightful
fixed, sure
subordinate, subservient
needed, necessary
loyal, obedient, obliging (ready to serve)
grateful, indebted
close (being in close personal relationships, especially those of kinship or affinity)
Where this word comes from
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep Proto-Indo-European *-o Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó Proto-Balto-Slavic *pa Proto-Slavic *po Old Polish po Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁- Proto-Balto-Slavic *wī́ˀtei Proto-Slavic *-na Proto-Slavic *vinà Old Polish winie Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Balto-Slavic *-inas Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ Old Polish -ny univ. Old Polish powinien Polish powinien Inherited from Old Polish powinien. By surface analysis, univerbation of po + winie + -ny. Compare Czech povinný.
relative, kinsman; friend, devoted person
Where this word comes from
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep Proto-Indo-European *-o Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó Proto-Indo-European *h₂pó Proto-Balto-Slavic *pa Proto-Slavic *po Old Polish po Proto-Indo-European *weyh₁- Proto-Balto-Slavic *wī́ˀtei Proto-Slavic *-na Proto-Slavic *vinà Old Polish winie Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Balto-Slavic *-inas Proto-Slavic *-ьnъ Old Polish -ny univ. Old Polish powinien Polish powinien Inherited from Old Polish powinien. By surface analysis, univerbation of po + winie + -ny. Compare Czech povinný.
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Definitions, grammatical labels, IPA, etymology and examples: Wiktionary contributors, extracted by Kaikki / Wiktextract. Adapted under CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected fields and authored examples are shown; third-party quotations and audio are omitted. See contributor history.
Last enriched 2026-09-10. Definitions are in English. Romanizations are shown when supplied by the source; syllable estimates are omitted for unsupported scripts.