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POLISH · A WORD WITH POSSIBILITIES

to.

be (used to attribute to the known object a characteristic that helps one know more about the topic)

2 characters1 syllables approx.Polski language

Meaning & usage

conj/ˈtɔ//ˈtɔ/Middle, Polish
  1. be (used to attribute to the known object a characteristic that helps one know more about the topic)

    Janek to mój brat.
    Górnicy to jest takie specyficzne społeczeństwo.
  2. used to juxtapose elements that are equivalent

  3. used to indicate that the subject of the conversation has peculiarities which are familiar to the interlocutors, so that nothing else needs to be said about it in order to understand the topic

    Nasze straty są minimalne, ale bez śmierci się nie obejdzie. Wojna to wojna.
    No, ale rozkaz to rozkaz. Nie mnie podważać.
  4. in that case, then

    „Wiem, co chcę zrobić.” „To to zrób”.
    Jeśli to zrobisz, to daj mi znać.
Where this word comes from

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *só Proto-Balto-Slavic *tas Proto-Slavic *tъ Proto-Slavic *to Old Polish to Polish to Inherited from Old Polish to.

pron/ˈtɔ//ˈtɔ/Middle, Polish
  1. neuter nominative/accusative/vocative singular of ten

    accusative · form-of · neuter · nominative · singular · vocative
    Inna rzecz, że nikt nie zwracał na niego szczególnej uwagi; to go dziwiło.
  2. used to point to the object to which the sentence refers

    Ewa, to Andrzej.
Where this word comes from

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *só Proto-Balto-Slavic *tas Proto-Slavic *tъ Proto-Slavic *to Old Polish to Polish to Inherited from Old Polish to.

particle/ˈtɔ//ˈtɔ/Middle, Polish
  1. used to indicate what one is talking about

    Parę razy mi się udało. Z jedną to nawet bardzo.
  2. used to indicate what can be said about the topic, in contrast to all that cannot be said about it

    W tych ścianach to ona była królową i musiała mieć królewskie wejście.
  3. so (used after a pause for thought to introduce a new topic, question, or story, or a new thought or question in continuation of an existing topic)

    No to kiedy zaczynamy?
    OK, to do zobaczenia.
  4. used to indicate that the topic in the relevant question refers to a known set of elements from which a choice has to be made

    Od kiedy to morderstwo jest takim ewenementem?
    Komu to przypadło dzisiaj kucharzowanie?
  5. used to express surprise that something is indeed like that as the speaker did not think it could really be so

    A to zdolniacha z wuja!
    No, tośmy wczoraj mieli niezły bal!
  6. used to indicate that the topic refers to a known object, mentioned in the preceding statement

    literary
    O Czechosłowacji po roku 1968 dochodziły do nas ponure wiadomości, dlatego to starałem się przejechać ten kraj jak najszybciej mimo zmęczenia.
  7. used to indicate that what someone has said about the topic is a fait accompli and should no longer be discussed

    colloquial
    Spróbuj zaakceptować jego wady. Nikt nie jest kryształowy. Pali to pali, widziały gały co brały.
Where this word comes from

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *só Proto-Balto-Slavic *tas Proto-Slavic *tъ Proto-Slavic *to Old Polish to Polish to Inherited from Old Polish to.

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Definitions, grammatical labels, IPA, etymology and examples: Wiktionary contributors, extracted by Kaikki / Wiktextract. Adapted under CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected fields and authored examples are shown; third-party quotations and audio are omitted. See contributor history.

Last enriched 2026-09-10. Definitions are in English. Romanizations are shown when supplied by the source; syllable estimates are omitted for unsupported scripts.