estar.
to be (indicates location in space)
Meaning & usage
to be (indicates location in space)
Onde estás?
Estou em casa.
to be (denotes a transient quality; a quality expected to change)
O tempo estava frio.
Estás louco?
to be; forms the progressive aspect
Ela está cantando? / Ela está a cantar?
Estavam trabalhando muito.
to look, to appear (to give an appearance of being)
Você está bonita.
to cost (to be worth a certain amount of money), especially of something whose price changes often
O quilo de maçã está a dois euros.
to stand
Aqui estou.
to possess, have, or have in possession
Ele está com o meu livro desde semana passada.
Where this word comes from
From Old Galician-Portuguese estar, from Latin stāre (“stand”). The stems estev- or estiv- found in some inflections likely come from Vulgar Latin *stēvī (perfect in -ēv-, used by some Latin second conjugation verbs), hypothetical perfect stem that displaced original Classical Latin perfect stetī. Compare the same development in Spanish estar. The present subjunctive stem estej- is by analogy with ser, sej- (which is from Latin sedēre).
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Definitions, grammatical labels, IPA, etymology and examples: Wiktionary contributors, extracted by Kaikki / Wiktextract. Adapted under CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected fields and authored examples are shown; third-party quotations and audio are omitted. See contributor history.
Last enriched 2026-09-10. Definitions are in English. Romanizations are shown when supplied by the source; syllable estimates are omitted for unsupported scripts.