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ENGLISH · A WORD WITH POSSIBILITIES

close.

To remove or block an opening, gap or passage through.

5 characters1 syllables approx.English language

Meaning & usage

verb/ˈkləʊz/Received-Pronunciation[ˈkʰl̥əʊ̯z]Received-Pronunciation/ˈklɵʊ̯z/Received-Pronunciation[ˈkʰl̥ɵ̞ʊ̯z]Received-Pronunciation
  1. To remove or block an opening, gap or passage through. To move a thing, or part of a thing, nearer to another so that the gap or opening between the two is removed.

    ambitransitive · physical
    Close the door behind you when you leave.
    Many flowers close at night.
  2. To remove or block an opening, gap or passage through. To obstruct or block.

    physical · transitive
    They closed the road for the festival.
    Ice has closed the channel to shipping.
  3. To remove or block an opening, gap or passage through. To become denser or more crowded with objects.

    intransitive · physical
    As we penetrated further, the forest closed around us.
  4. To remove or block an opening, gap or passage through. To make or become unreceptive.

    figuratively · intransitive · physical · transitive
    He has closed his mind to new ideas.
  5. To remove or block an opening, gap or passage through. To move to a position preventing fluid from flowing.

    intransitive · physical · transitive
  6. To remove or block an opening, gap or passage through. To move to a position allowing electricity to flow.

    intransitive · physical · transitive
  7. To remove or block an opening, gap or passage through. To grapple; to engage in close combat.

    physical
  8. To remove or block an opening, gap or passage through. To angle (a club, bat or other hitting implement) downwards and/or (for a right-hander) anticlockwise of straight.

    especially · intransitive · physical · transitive
  9. To finish. To end or conclude.

    transitive
    The committee chairman made a few concluding remarks and then closed the session.
    to close a bargain;   to close a course of instruction
  10. To finish. To finish; to come to an end.

    intransitive
    The debate closed at six o'clock.
  11. To finish. To conclude (a sale).

    ergative
  12. To finish. To perform as the final act at (a show etc.).

    transitive
    Nirvana closed the festival.
  13. To finish. To make the final outs, usually three, of a game.

    transitive
    He has closed the last two games for his team.
  14. To finish. To cancel or reverse (a trading position).

    transitive
  15. To make or become non-operational or unavailable for use. To put out of use or operation.

    transitive
    We are closing the phone lines at 9 pm.
    Your account has been closed because of non-payment.
  16. To make or become non-operational or unavailable for use. To cease operation or cease to be available.

    intransitive
    Phone lines will close in ten minutes.
    Our options are closing fast.
  17. To make or become non-operational or unavailable for use. To cease trading for the day, or permanently.

    intransitive
    The supermarket closes at eight o'clock.
    Lots of shops in the town centre have closed because of the recession.
  18. To make or become non-operational or unavailable for use. To do the tasks (putting things away, locking doors, etc.) required to prepare a store or other establishment to shut down for the night.

    intransitive
    Whoever closed last night forgot to turn off the closet light.
  19. To make or become non-operational or unavailable for use. To terminate an application, window, file or database connection, etc.

    ergative
    Close the file when you have finished reading data.
    This app has a bug: when you try to sort a large spreadsheet, it closes.
  20. To make or become non-operational or unavailable for use. To turn off; to switch off.

    Cyprus · Philippines · Quebec
    Please close the lights, the (electric) fan, the TV.
  21. To come or gather around; to enclose.

    figuratively
  22. To have a vector sum of 0; that is, to form a closed polygon.

Where this word comes from

From Middle English closen (“to close, enclose”), partly continuing (in altered form) earlier Middle English clusen (“to close”) from Old English clȳsan (“to close, shut”); compare beclose, foreclose, etc.), and partly derived from Middle English clos (“close, shut up, confined, secret”, adjective), from Old French clos (“close, confined”, adjective), from Latin clausus (“shut up”, past participle), from claudō (“to bar, block, close, enclose, bring an end to, confine”), from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂w- (“key, hook, nail”), related to Latin clāvis (“key, deadbolt, bar”), clāvus (“nail, peg”), claustrum (“bar, bolt, barrier”), claustra (“dam, wall, barricade, stronghold”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κλείω (kleíō), κλείς (kleís, “bar, bolt, key”), Russian заключи́ть (zaključítʹ) (via ключ (ključ)), German schließen (“to close, conclude, lock”), Dutch sluiten (“to close, conclude, lock”). Partially replaced Old English lūcan (“to close, lock, enclose”), (whence English lock). Doublet of clause.

noun/ˈkləʊz/Received-Pronunciation[ˈkʰl̥əʊ̯z]Received-Pronunciation/ˈklɵʊ̯z/Received-Pronunciation[ˈkʰl̥ɵ̞ʊ̯z]Received-Pronunciation
  1. An end or conclusion.

    We owe them our thanks for bringing the project to a successful close.
  2. The manner of shutting; the union of parts; junction.

  3. The point at the end of a sales pitch when the consumer is asked to buy.

  4. A grapple in wrestling.

  5. The conclusion of a strain of music; cadence.

  6. A double bar marking the end.

  7. The time when check-in staff will no longer accept passengers for a flight.

Where this word comes from

From Middle English closen (“to close, enclose”), partly continuing (in altered form) earlier Middle English clusen (“to close”) from Old English clȳsan (“to close, shut”); compare beclose, foreclose, etc.), and partly derived from Middle English clos (“close, shut up, confined, secret”, adjective), from Old French clos (“close, confined”, adjective), from Latin clausus (“shut up”, past participle), from claudō (“to bar, block, close, enclose, bring an end to, confine”), from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂w- (“key, hook, nail”), related to Latin clāvis (“key, deadbolt, bar”), clāvus (“nail, peg”), claustrum (“bar, bolt, barrier”), claustra (“dam, wall, barricade, stronghold”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κλείω (kleíō), κλείς (kleís, “bar, bolt, key”), Russian заключи́ть (zaključítʹ) (via ключ (ključ)), German schließen (“to close, conclude, lock”), Dutch sluiten (“to close, conclude, lock”). Partially replaced Old English lūcan (“to close, lock, enclose”), (whence English lock). Doublet of clause.

adj/kləʊs/Received-Pronunciation/kloʊs/General-American
  1. Having little difference or distance in place, position, or abstractly; see also close to. At little distance; near in space or time.

    Is your house close?
    Christmas is getting close.
  2. Having little difference or distance in place, position, or abstractly; see also close to. Almost, but not quite (getting to an answer, goal, or other state); near.

    No, but you were close.
    We were so close to winning!
  3. Having little difference or distance in place, position, or abstractly; see also close to. Almost resulting in disaster.

    Phew! That was close!
  4. Having little difference or distance in place, position, or abstractly; see also close to. Nearly equal; almost evenly balanced; almost exactly matching.

    Their ages are quite close.
    His face is a close fit with the artist's impression.
  5. Having little difference or distance in place, position, or abstractly; see also close to. Adhering strictly to a standard or original; exact or nearly so.

    a close translation; a close copy
  6. Having little difference or distance in place, position, or abstractly; see also close to. Intimate or immediate in personal relationship.

    He is a close friend.
    My brother and I were close when we were younger, but not so much now.
  7. Having little difference or distance in place, position, or abstractly; see also close to. Involving a tight connection; involving frequent communication, shared or cooperative activity, etc.

    We have a close affiliation with the college.
    I keep in close contact with my former colleagues.
  8. Having little difference or distance in place, position, or abstractly; see also close to. Nearing orgasm.

  9. Compressed, restricted, constrained, etc. Physically narrow or confined.

    a close alley; close quarters; close confines
  10. Compressed, restricted, constrained, etc. Tight, with little space separating components or elements.

    For this job it's best to use wood with a close grain.
    These trousers are a close fit.
  11. Compressed, restricted, constrained, etc. Strictly confined; carefully guarded.

    He was captured and kept a close prisoner.
  12. Compressed, restricted, constrained, etc. Tightly restricted in availability.

    The pregnancy was a close secret.
    His lawyers have so far kept this information close.
  13. Compressed, restricted, constrained, etc. Of a corporation or other business entity, closely held.

  14. Compressed, restricted, constrained, etc. Oppressive; without motion or ventilation; causing a feeling of lassitude.

  15. Compressed, restricted, constrained, etc. Hot, humid, with no wind.

    Ireland · UK
  16. Compressed, restricted, constrained, etc. Dense; solid; compact.

    archaic
  17. Rigorous, careful, etc. Attentive; undeviating; strict.

    The patient was kept under close observation.
    Keep a close eye on him.
  18. Rigorous, careful, etc. Carefully done, detailed.

    This issue merits close examination.
    Unfortunately, on close reading of the Ts and Cs, it appears that your insurance does not cover this.
  19. Rigorous, careful, etc. Accurate; precise.

  20. Short.

    to cut grass or hair close
  21. Closed, shut.

    archaic
  22. Articulated with the tongue body relatively close to the hard palate.

  23. With its wings at its side, closed, held near to its body (typically also statant); (of wings) in this posture.

  24. Difficult to obtain.

    dated
    Money is close.
  25. Parsimonious; stingy.

    dated
  26. Out of the way of observation; secluded; secret; hidden.

    obsolete
  27. Concise; to the point.

    archaic
    close reasoning
  28. Marked, evident.

Where this word comes from

Borrowed from French clos, from Latin clausum, participle of claudō.

adv/kləʊs/Received-Pronunciation/kloʊs/General-American
  1. In a close manner (limited contexts; more often closely). So as to leave or create little distance or space between objects.

    The car behind was following too close and could not brake in time.
    Please stay close together.
  2. In a close manner (limited contexts; more often closely). Carefully, in detail.

    Look close at the pictures.
  3. In a close manner (limited contexts; more often closely). In combination (sometimes potentially ambiguous between adverb and adjective).

    close-packed, close-knit, close-fitting
Where this word comes from

Borrowed from French clos, from Latin clausum, participle of claudō.

noun/kləʊs/Received-Pronunciation/kloʊs/General-American
  1. A street that ends in a dead end.

    UK
  2. Private fenced land, such as a paddock, orchard or yard, that, along with the common pasture land and woodland, constituted the inarable component of the open-field system of the medieval manor in England.

    historical
  3. An enclosed field, especially a field enclosed around a (usually religious) building (e.g. a cathedral close).

    Yorkshire · archaic
  4. A very narrow alley between two buildings, often overhung by one of the buildings above the ground floor.

    Scotland
  5. The common staircase in a tenement.

    Scotland
  6. The interest which one may have in a piece of ground, even though it is not enclosed.

Where this word comes from

Borrowed from French clos, from Latin clausum, participle of claudō.

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Definitions, grammatical labels, IPA, etymology and examples: Wiktionary contributors, extracted by Kaikki / Wiktextract. Adapted under CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected fields and authored examples are shown; third-party quotations and audio are omitted. See contributor history.

Last enriched 2026-09-10. Definitions are in English. Romanizations are shown when supplied by the source; syllable estimates are omitted for unsupported scripts.