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coal.

A black or brownish black rock formed from prehistoric plant remains, composed largely of carbon and burned as a fuel.

4 characters1 syllables approx.English language

Meaning & usage

noun/kəʊl/Received-Pronunciation[kʰɒʊɫ]Received-Pronunciation/kɒl//koʊl/Canada, General-American
  1. A black or brownish black rock formed from prehistoric plant remains, composed largely of carbon and burned as a fuel.

    uncountable
    The coal in this region was prized by ironmasters in centuries past, who mined it in the spots where the drainage methods of the day permitted.
  2. A black or brownish black rock formed from prehistoric plant remains, composed largely of carbon and burned as a fuel. A type of coal, such as bituminous, anthracite, or lignite, and grades and varieties thereof, as a fuel commodity ready to buy and burn.

    countable
    Put some coal on the fire.
    Order some coal from the coalyard.
  3. A piece of coal used for burning (this use is less common in American English)

    countable
    Put some coals on the fire.
  4. A glowing or charred piece of coal, wood, or other solid fuel.

    countable
    hot coals
    glowing coals
  5. Charcoal.

    countable · uncountable
  6. Content of low quality.

    Internet · countable · uncountable
    I'm so sick of seeing this coal online.
  7. Bombs emitting black smoke on impact.

    countable · slang · uncountable
  8. Money.

    countable · obsolete · slang · uncountable
Where this word comes from

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ǵwelH- Proto-Indo-European *-om Proto-Indo-European *ǵwl̥Hom Proto-Indo-European *ǵulHom Proto-Germanic *kulą Proto-West Germanic *kol Old English col Middle English col English coal From Middle English col, from Old English col, from Proto-West Germanic *kol, from Proto-Germanic *kulą (“coal”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵwelH- (“to burn, shine”). Cognates Cognate with North Frisian kööl (“coal”), Saterland Frisian Koole (“coal”), West Frisian koal (“coal”), Cimbrian kholl (“coal”), Dutch kool (“coal; carbon”), German Kohle (“coal”), Limburgish Kǫe̩l (“coal”), Luxembourgish Kuel (“coal”), Vilamovian köła (“coal”), Yiddish קויל (koyl, “coal”), Danish kul (“coal”), Faroese, Icelandic, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish kol (“coal; carbon”), Jamtish kuł (“coal; carbon”), Norwegian Bokmål kol, kull (“coal”). Compare Irish and Scottish Gaelic gual (“coal”), Manx geayl (“coal”), Lithuanian žvi̇̀lti (“to glow, twinkle”), Persian زکال (zakâl), زکار (zekâr), زغال (zoġâl, “coal”), Tocharian B śoliye (“hearth”), Sanskrit ज्वल् (jval, “to burn, glow”), all from the same root.

verb/kəʊl/Received-Pronunciation[kʰɒʊɫ]Received-Pronunciation/kɒl//koʊl/Canada, General-American
  1. To take on a supply of coal (usually of steam ships or locomotives).

    intransitive
  2. To supply with coal.

    transitive
    to coal a steamer
  3. To be converted to charcoal.

    intransitive
  4. To burn to charcoal; to char.

    transitive
  5. To mark or delineate with charcoal.

    transitive
Where this word comes from

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ǵwelH- Proto-Indo-European *-om Proto-Indo-European *ǵwl̥Hom Proto-Indo-European *ǵulHom Proto-Germanic *kulą Proto-West Germanic *kol Old English col Middle English col English coal From Middle English col, from Old English col, from Proto-West Germanic *kol, from Proto-Germanic *kulą (“coal”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵwelH- (“to burn, shine”). Cognates Cognate with North Frisian kööl (“coal”), Saterland Frisian Koole (“coal”), West Frisian koal (“coal”), Cimbrian kholl (“coal”), Dutch kool (“coal; carbon”), German Kohle (“coal”), Limburgish Kǫe̩l (“coal”), Luxembourgish Kuel (“coal”), Vilamovian köła (“coal”), Yiddish קויל (koyl, “coal”), Danish kul (“coal”), Faroese, Icelandic, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish kol (“coal; carbon”), Jamtish kuł (“coal; carbon”), Norwegian Bokmål kol, kull (“coal”). Compare Irish and Scottish Gaelic gual (“coal”), Manx geayl (“coal”), Lithuanian žvi̇̀lti (“to glow, twinkle”), Persian زکال (zakâl), زکار (zekâr), زغال (zoġâl, “coal”), Tocharian B śoliye (“hearth”), Sanskrit ज्वल् (jval, “to burn, glow”), all from the same root.

adj/kəʊl/Received-Pronunciation[kʰɒʊɫ]Received-Pronunciation/kɒl//koʊl/Canada, General-American
  1. Black like coal; coal-black.

    no-comparative
Where this word comes from

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ǵwelH- Proto-Indo-European *-om Proto-Indo-European *ǵwl̥Hom Proto-Indo-European *ǵulHom Proto-Germanic *kulą Proto-West Germanic *kol Old English col Middle English col English coal From Middle English col, from Old English col, from Proto-West Germanic *kol, from Proto-Germanic *kulą (“coal”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵwelH- (“to burn, shine”). Cognates Cognate with North Frisian kööl (“coal”), Saterland Frisian Koole (“coal”), West Frisian koal (“coal”), Cimbrian kholl (“coal”), Dutch kool (“coal; carbon”), German Kohle (“coal”), Limburgish Kǫe̩l (“coal”), Luxembourgish Kuel (“coal”), Vilamovian köła (“coal”), Yiddish קויל (koyl, “coal”), Danish kul (“coal”), Faroese, Icelandic, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish kol (“coal; carbon”), Jamtish kuł (“coal; carbon”), Norwegian Bokmål kol, kull (“coal”). Compare Irish and Scottish Gaelic gual (“coal”), Manx geayl (“coal”), Lithuanian žvi̇̀lti (“to glow, twinkle”), Persian زکال (zakâl), زکار (zekâr), زغال (zoġâl, “coal”), Tocharian B śoliye (“hearth”), Sanskrit ज्वल् (jval, “to burn, glow”), all from the same root.

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Definitions, grammatical labels, IPA, etymology and examples: Wiktionary contributors, extracted by Kaikki / Wiktextract. Adapted under CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected fields and authored examples are shown; third-party quotations and audio are omitted. See contributor history.

Last enriched 2026-09-10. Definitions are in English. Romanizations are shown when supplied by the source; syllable estimates are omitted for unsupported scripts.