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ENGLISH · A WORD WITH POSSIBILITIES

rouse.

To cause (something) to be (more) active or to move; to agitate, to stir up.

5 characters1 syllables approx.English language

Meaning & usage

verb/ɹaʊz/General-American, Received-Pronunciation
  1. To cause (something) to be (more) active or to move; to agitate, to stir up.

    transitive
  2. To cause (something) to be (more) active or to move; to agitate, to stir up. To stir (a liquid, especially (brewing) beer in the brewing process).

    transitive
  3. To provoke (someone) to react (for example, in anger or annoyance); to spur; also, to annoy, to tease.

    transitive
  4. Originally chiefly followed by up: to cause (an emotional reaction, a feeling, etc.); to excite, to incite, to stir up.

    transitive
    to rouse the emotions or passions
  5. Sometimes followed by up: to disturb (someone) from a state of apathy, comfort, etc.

    transitive
  6. Sometimes followed by up: to wake (oneself or someone) from deep thought, or rest or sleep; to awaken.

    also · reflexive · transitive
  7. To lift up or raise (someone; or something, especially the head).

    also · figuratively · reflexive · transitive
  8. Sometimes followed by up: to cause (oneself) to be active or alert; to incite, to stir; also, to cause (oneself) to carry out a task, take action, etc.

    reflexive · transitive
  9. Of a hawk: to shake (its own) feathers.

    also · archaic · figuratively · reflexive · transitive
  10. Of a person: to stretch (one's own) body.

    obsolete · reflexive · transitive
  11. Chiefly of a bird: to cause (its crest, feathers, etc.) to become stiff or to stand up.

    archaic · transitive
  12. To disturb (someone's sleep).

    archaic · poetic · transitive
  13. To cause (game) to emerge from cover.

    also · figuratively · historical · transitive
    to rouse a deer or other animal of the chase
  14. To pull (a cable, rope, etc.) in a specified direction, especially to tighten it; to haul.

    archaic · transitive
  15. Sometimes followed by up: to carry out a task, take action, etc.

    intransitive
  16. Sometimes followed by up: to wake from deep thought, or rest or sleep; to awaken.

    intransitive
  17. Sometimes followed by up: of a characteristic or emotion: to be stirred up or to become stronger.

    archaic · intransitive
  18. Of a hawk, or (generally) some other bird: to shake its feathers.

    intransitive
  19. To move quickly; to rush.

    England · Newfoundland · Scotland · dialectal · intransitive
  20. Of hair: to stand on end; to bristle.

    intransitive · obsolete
  21. Sometimes followed by up: of game: to emerge from cover.

    intransitive · obsolete
Where this word comes from

The verb is derived from Late Middle English rousen (“of a hawk: to shake its feathers”); further etymology unknown. Because many terms of French origin are used in falconry, it has been assumed that the Middle English word is derived from Anglo-Norman or French; however, no satisfactory etymon has been found. The following words have been suggested, but are thought by the Oxford English Dictionary to be unlikely due to the differences in meaning: * Anglo-Norman rëuser, roser, ruser, russer, Middle French ruser, and Old French rëuser (“to drive back, repulse”) (modern French ruser). * An Old Norse word from which Danish ruse (“to hurry, rush”) and Swedish rusa (“to hurry, rush”) are derived. Compare row (“quarrel”), possibly related to or derived from this word. The noun is derived from the verb.

noun/ɹaʊz/General-American, Received-Pronunciation
  1. An act of causing something to be (more) active or to move; a shakeup, a stir; also (chiefly US), a commotion, a disturbance.

  2. Chiefly of a hawk: an act of shaking the feathers.

  3. Often in the form Rouse and preceded by the: the sounding of a call, usually on the bugle in the morning after reveille, to signal that soldiers are to rise from bed; also, the reveille.

    Canada · UK
Where this word comes from

The verb is derived from Late Middle English rousen (“of a hawk: to shake its feathers”); further etymology unknown. Because many terms of French origin are used in falconry, it has been assumed that the Middle English word is derived from Anglo-Norman or French; however, no satisfactory etymon has been found. The following words have been suggested, but are thought by the Oxford English Dictionary to be unlikely due to the differences in meaning: * Anglo-Norman rëuser, roser, ruser, russer, Middle French ruser, and Old French rëuser (“to drive back, repulse”) (modern French ruser). * An Old Norse word from which Danish ruse (“to hurry, rush”) and Swedish rusa (“to hurry, rush”) are derived. Compare row (“quarrel”), possibly related to or derived from this word. The noun is derived from the verb.

noun/ɹaʊz/General-American, Received-Pronunciation
  1. A full or large cup or glass of an alcoholic beverage, especially when drunk as a toast; a bumper.

    archaic
    to give a rouse    to take one’s rouse
  2. A social gathering at which alcoholic beverages are drunk; a drinking bout or party; a carousal.

    archaic
Where this word comes from

Probably from carouse (“(obsolete) of drinking a cup of an alcoholic beverage: to the bottom”, adverb), from a rebracketing of the phrase drink carouse as drink a rouse. Carouse is derived from German gar aus (“all out”), as in gar-aus trinken (“to drink all out; to drink to the bottom”).

verb/ɹaʊs/General-American, Received-Pronunciation/ɹæɔs/Australia
  1. Followed by at, on, etc.: to criticize severely; to tell off.

    Australia · New-Zealand · archaic · informal · intransitive
    He roused on her for being late yet again.
Where this word comes from

Origin uncertain, possibly a variant of one of the following: * From rouse (“to provoke (someone) to react (for example, in anger or annoyance); to cause (an emotional reaction, a feeling, etc.); and other senses”) (see etymology 1; and compare Scots rouse (“to become agitated, enraged, or excited, to grow angry”)). * From roust (“(Scotland, archaic) to roar, shout”), from Scots roust, rowst (“to roar, shout”), possibly related to Old Norse raust (“voice”, noun).

verb/ɹaʊz/General-American, Received-Pronunciation
  1. To sprinkle salt on (fish, especially herring) in the process of curing; to salt.

    archaic · transitive
Where this word comes from

An aphetic form of arrouse (“(obsolete) to sprinkle (something) with water or some other liquid; of a river, sea, etc.: to provide (land) with water”), from Late Middle English arouse, arrouse, arowse, arrowse, from Anglo-Norman arouser, aruser, Middle French arouser, arrouser, and Old French aroser (“to sprinkle (something) with water or some other liquid; to make (something) wet, soak”) (modern French arroser), from Late Latin *arrosare, from Latin arrōrāre, adrōrāre, the present active infinitives of arrōrō, adrōrō (“to bedew; to besprinkle, moisten”), from ad- (prefix meaning ‘to, towards’) + rōrō (“to be moist; to drip, trickle”). Rōrō is derived from rōr- (the oblique stem of rōs (“dew; moisture”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rṓs (“dew; liquid, moisture”), possibly from *h₁ers- (“to flow”)) + -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs). Compare Scots rouse (“to sprinkle salt on (fish) in the process of curing; to sprinkle water on (something)”).

adj/ɹaʊz/General-American, Received-Pronunciation
  1. Used as an epithet for a person: having red hair; red-haired, redheaded.

    archaic · obsolete
Where this word comes from

From Late Middle English rous, rouse (“(adjective) red-haired; (noun) person with red hair”), from Anglo-Norman rous, rus, and Middle French rous, roux (“red-haired, chiefly used to describe William II of England”), from Old French ros (“(uncertain) red-faced; red-haired”) (modern French roux), from Latin russus (“red; red-haired”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). Doublet of red.

verb/ɹaʊz/General-American, Received-Pronunciation
  1. To cause (something) to rest or settle.

    archaic · transitive
  2. To rest or settle.

    archaic · intransitive
Where this word comes from

Origin unknown.

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Definitions, grammatical labels, IPA, etymology and examples: Wiktionary contributors, extracted by Kaikki / Wiktextract. Adapted under CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected fields and authored examples are shown; third-party quotations and audio are omitted. See contributor history.

Last enriched 2026-09-10. Definitions are in English. Romanizations are shown when supplied by the source; syllable estimates are omitted for unsupported scripts.