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ENGLISH · A WORD WITH POSSIBILITIES

ruff.

A circular frill or ruffle on a garment, especially a starched, fluted frill at the neck in Elizabethan and Jacobean England (1560s–1620s).

4 characters1 syllables approx.English language

Meaning & usage

noun/ɹʌf/Received-Pronunciation/ɹəf/General-American/ɹɐf/Australia, New-Zealand/ɹʊf/Northern-England
  1. A circular frill or ruffle on a garment, especially a starched, fluted frill at the neck in Elizabethan and Jacobean England (1560s–1620s).

  2. Anything formed with plaits or flutings like a frill.

  3. Senses relating to animals. A gregarious, medium-sized wading bird of species Calidris pugnax (syn. Philomachus pugnax), of Eurasia; specifically, a male of the species which develops a distinctive ruff of feathers and ear tufts during mating season (the female is called a reeve).

  4. Senses relating to animals. A set of lengthened or otherwise modified feathers on or around the neck of a bird.

  5. Senses relating to animals. A collar of lengthened or distinctively coloured fur on or around the neck of an animal.

  6. A collar on a shaft or other piece to prevent endwise motion.

  7. An exhibition of haughtiness or pride.

    obsolete
  8. Tumultuous or wanton conduct or procedure.

    obsolete
Where this word comes from

Clipping of ruffle, or possibly from rough.

verb/ɹʌf/Received-Pronunciation/ɹəf/General-American/ɹɐf/Australia, New-Zealand/ɹʊf/Northern-England
  1. To shape (fabric, etc.) into a ruff; to adorn (a garment, etc.) with a ruff.

    transitive
  2. Of a falcon, hawk, etc.: to hit (the prey) without fixing or grabbing hold of it.

    transitive
  3. To ruffle; to disorder.

    rare · transitive
  4. Of a bird: to ruffle its feathers.

    obsolete · transitive
  5. To boast, to brag.

    obsolete · transitive
  6. To speak in a loud and domineering manner; to bluster, to swagger.

    intransitive · obsolete
Where this word comes from

Clipping of ruffle, or possibly from rough.

noun/ɹʌf/Received-Pronunciation/ɹəf/General-American/ɹɐf/Australia, New-Zealand/ɹʊf/Northern-England
  1. Alternative spelling of ruffe: a small freshwater fish of the genus Gymnocephalus; specifically a Eurasian ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernua or Gymnocephalus cernuus) which has spiny fins; the pope.

    alt-of · alternative
  2. A fish of species Arripis georgianus, found in cool waters off the southern coast of Australia

  3. A bottom-dwelling carnivorous fish of the family Sparidae found in temperate and tropical waters; a porgy or sea bream.

    obsolete
Where this word comes from

Possibly from rough.

verb/ɹʌf/Received-Pronunciation/ɹəf/General-American/ɹɐf/Australia, New-Zealand/ɹʊf/Northern-England
  1. To play a trump card to a trick when unable to follow suit (that is, when unable to play a card of the same suit as the previous or leading card).

    ambitransitive
  2. Especially in the form ruff out: to defeat (a card, etc.) by ruffing, thus establishing the master card in the suit led.

    transitive
Where this word comes from

From Old French roffle, rouffle (earlier romfle, ronfle), or from Italian ronfa (“card game similar to whist”); these words are possibly from Old French triomphe (“a triumph, victory”), Italian trionfo (“triumph; trump card”), from Latin triumphus (“hymn to Bacchus; celebration, triumph”), ultimately from Ancient Greek θρῐ́ᾰμβος (thrĭ́ămbos, “hymn to Dionysius, thriambus”). The verb is derived from the noun. Doublet of trump.

noun/ɹʌf/Received-Pronunciation/ɹəf/General-American/ɹɐf/Australia, New-Zealand/ɹʊf/Northern-England
  1. An instance of ruffing, or an opportunity to ruff, when unable to follow suit.

  2. A game similar to whist and its predecessor.

    obsolete
Where this word comes from

From Old French roffle, rouffle (earlier romfle, ronfle), or from Italian ronfa (“card game similar to whist”); these words are possibly from Old French triomphe (“a triumph, victory”), Italian trionfo (“triumph; trump card”), from Latin triumphus (“hymn to Bacchus; celebration, triumph”), ultimately from Ancient Greek θρῐ́ᾰμβος (thrĭ́ămbos, “hymn to Dionysius, thriambus”). The verb is derived from the noun. Doublet of trump.

noun/ɹʌf/Received-Pronunciation/ɹəf/General-American/ɹɐf/Australia, New-Zealand/ɹʊf/Northern-England
  1. A low, vibrating beat of a drum, quieter than a roll; a ruffle.

    often
Where this word comes from

Onomatopoeic.

verb/ɹʌf/Received-Pronunciation/ɹəf/General-American/ɹɐf/Australia, New-Zealand/ɹʊf/Northern-England
  1. To beat a ruff or ruffle, as on a drum.

    often · transitive
  2. Of a drum, etc.: to have a ruff or ruffle beaten on it.

    intransitive · often
Where this word comes from

Onomatopoeic.

intj/ɹʌf/Received-Pronunciation/ɹəf/General-American/ɹɐf/Australia, New-Zealand/ɹʊf/Northern-England
  1. The bark of a dog; arf, woof.

    often
Where this word comes from

Onomatopoeic.

adj/ɹʌf/Received-Pronunciation/ɹəf/General-American/ɹɐf/Australia, New-Zealand/ɹʊf/Northern-England
  1. Alternative spelling of rough.

    alt-of · alternative · colloquial · obsolete · often
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Last enriched 2026-09-10. Definitions are in English. Romanizations are shown when supplied by the source; syllable estimates are omitted for unsupported scripts.