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rust.

The deteriorated state of iron or steel as a result of moisture and oxidation; it consists mostly of iron(III) oxide (ferric oxide) and iron(II) oxide (ferrous oxide).

4 characters1 syllables approx.English language

Meaning & usage

noun/ɹʌst/Received-Pronunciation, US/ɹʊst/Northern-England/ɾʌst/Scotland, Wales
  1. The deteriorated state of iron or steel as a result of moisture and oxidation; it consists mostly of iron(III) oxide (ferric oxide) and iron(II) oxide (ferrous oxide).

    countable · uncountable
    The rust on my bicycle chain made cycling to work very dangerous.
  2. A similar substance based on another metal.

    countable · uncountable
    copper rust
  3. A reddish-brown color.

    countable · uncountable
  4. A disease of plants caused by a reddish-brown fungus (Pucciniales).

    countable · uncountable
  5. Damage caused to stamps and album pages by a fungal infection.

    countable · uncountable
Where this word comes from

From Middle English rust, rost, roust, from Old English rust, rūst (“rust”), from Proto-West Germanic *rust, from Proto-Germanic *rustaz (“rust”), from Proto-Indo-European *rudʰso- (“red”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”). Cognate with Scots roust (“rust”), Saterland Frisian rust (“rust”), West Frisian roast (“rust”), Dutch roest (“rust”), German Rost (“rust”), Danish rust (“rust”), Swedish rost (“rust”), Norwegian rust, ryst (“rust”), Finnish ruoste, Estonian rooste. Related to red.

verb/ɹʌst/Received-Pronunciation, US/ɹʊst/Northern-England/ɾʌst/Scotland, Wales
  1. To oxidize, especially of iron or steel.

    intransitive
    The patio furniture had rusted in the wind-driven spray.
  2. To cause to oxidize.

    transitive
    The wind-driven spray had thoroughly rusted the patio furniture.
  3. To be affected with the parasitic fungus called rust.

    intransitive
  4. To (cause to) degenerate in idleness; to make or become dull or impaired by inaction.

    ambitransitive · figuratively
    My knowledge of Spanish has rusted over the years.
  5. Of a black cat or its fur, to turn rust-coloured following long periods of exposure to sunlight.

    intransitive
    It's very common for black cats to rust during the summer.
Where this word comes from

From Middle English rusten, from the noun (see above).

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Definitions, grammatical labels, IPA, etymology and examples: Wiktionary contributors, extracted by Kaikki / Wiktextract. Adapted under CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected fields and authored examples are shown; third-party quotations and audio are omitted. See contributor history.

Last enriched 2026-09-10. Definitions are in English. Romanizations are shown when supplied by the source; syllable estimates are omitted for unsupported scripts.