Dungan.
A Muslim people originally from north-west China who currently reside in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia.
Meaning & usage
A Muslim people originally from north-west China who currently reside in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia.
Where this word comes from
From Turkic [Term?], probably via Russian, originally referring to any Hui Chinese. It is an exonym. Chinese scholar Lin Tao compiles a list of possible etymologies in Donggan yü lungao (2007): * From Chinese 東甘 /东甘 (dōng Gān, literally “Eastern Gan[su]”) — by a Russian consul in Ghulja of the name Pavlinov. * From Chinese 敦煌 (Dūnhuáng, “Dunhuang”, in Gansu) — by M. A. Terentʹjev. * From Chinese 潼關 /潼关 (Tóngguān, “Tong Pass”, in Gansu), early site of Bai Yanhu's activity. * From Turkic turmaq > turup qalghan > tunggan (“stayed behind”) — by scholar S. Lišonguj. * From Chinese 東岸 /东岸 (dōng'àn, literally “eastern coast [or perhaps, eastern side]”), in reference to the Fen River — by Mantarô Hashimoto. Lin agrees with the 東岸 /东岸 (dōng'àn) theory, having found during studies individuals who self-identify as 東岸子 /东岸子. Hai Feng proposes in 2005 that it is from Chinese 屯墾 /屯垦 (túnkěn), from late Qing policy regarding Xinjiang.
The Sinitic language of this people, a variety of Mandarin written in the Cyrillic script.
Where this word comes from
From Turkic [Term?], probably via Russian, originally referring to any Hui Chinese. It is an exonym. Chinese scholar Lin Tao compiles a list of possible etymologies in Donggan yü lungao (2007): * From Chinese 東甘 /东甘 (dōng Gān, literally “Eastern Gan[su]”) — by a Russian consul in Ghulja of the name Pavlinov. * From Chinese 敦煌 (Dūnhuáng, “Dunhuang”, in Gansu) — by M. A. Terentʹjev. * From Chinese 潼關 /潼关 (Tóngguān, “Tong Pass”, in Gansu), early site of Bai Yanhu's activity. * From Turkic turmaq > turup qalghan > tunggan (“stayed behind”) — by scholar S. Lišonguj. * From Chinese 東岸 /东岸 (dōng'àn, literally “eastern coast [or perhaps, eastern side]”), in reference to the Fen River — by Mantarô Hashimoto. Lin agrees with the 東岸 /东岸 (dōng'àn) theory, having found during studies individuals who self-identify as 東岸子 /东岸子. Hai Feng proposes in 2005 that it is from Chinese 屯墾 /屯垦 (túnkěn), from late Qing policy regarding Xinjiang.
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Definitions, grammatical labels, IPA, etymology and examples: Wiktionary contributors, extracted by Kaikki / Wiktextract. Adapted under CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected fields and authored examples are shown; third-party quotations and audio are omitted. See contributor history.
Last enriched 2026-09-10. Definitions are in English. Romanizations are shown when supplied by the source; syllable estimates are omitted for unsupported scripts.