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ENGLISH · A WORD WITH POSSIBILITIES

temper.

A general tendency or orientation towards a certain type of mood, a volatile state; a habitual way of thinking, behaving or reacting.

6 characters2 syllables approx.English language

Meaning & usage

noun/ˈtɛmpə/UK/ˈtɛmpɚ/US
  1. A general tendency or orientation towards a certain type of mood, a volatile state; a habitual way of thinking, behaving or reacting.

    countable · uncountable
    to have a good, bad, or calm temper
  2. State of mind; mood.

    countable · uncountable
  3. A tendency to become angry.

    countable · uncountable
    Mind your hasty temper!
    He has quite a temper when dealing with salespeople.
  4. Anger; a fit of anger.

    countable · uncountable
    an outburst of temper
    When I heard about it I got myself into a terrible temper.
  5. Calmness of mind; moderation; equanimity; composure.

    countable · uncountable
  6. Constitution of body; the mixture or relative proportion of the four humours: blood, choler, phlegm, and melancholy.

    countable · obsolete · uncountable
  7. Middle state or course; mean; medium.

    countable · uncountable
  8. The state of any compound substance which results from the mixture of various ingredients; due mixture of different qualities.

    countable · uncountable
    the temper of mortar
  9. The heat treatment to which a metal or other material has been subjected; a material that has undergone a particular heat treatment.

    countable · uncountable
  10. The state of a metal or other substance, especially as to its hardness, produced by some process of heating or cooling.

    countable · uncountable
    the temper of iron or steel
  11. Milk of lime, or other substance, employed in the process formerly used to clarify sugar.

    countable · historical · uncountable
  12. A non-plastic material, such as sand, added to clay to prevent shrinkage and cracking during drying or firing; tempering.

    countable · uncountable
Where this word comes from

From Middle English temperen, tempren, from Old English ġetemprian, temprian, borrowed from Latin temperō (“(transitive) to divide or proportion duly, to moderate, to regulate; (intransitive) to be moderate, temperate”), from tempus (“time, fit season”). Compare also French tempérer. Doublet of tamper. See temporal.

verb/ˈtɛmpə/UK/ˈtɛmpɚ/US
  1. To moderate or control.

    Temper your language around children.
  2. To strengthen or toughen a material, especially metal, by heat treatment; anneal.

    Tempering is a heat treatment technique applied to metals, alloys, and glass to achieve greater toughness by increasing the strength of materials and/or ductility. Tempering is performed by a controlled reheating of the work piece to a temperature below its lower eutectic critical temperature.
  3. To adjust the temperature of an ingredient (e.g. eggs or chocolate) gradually so that it remains smooth and pleasing.

  4. To sauté spices in ghee or oil to release essential oils for flavouring a dish in South Asian cuisine.

  5. To mix clay, plaster or mortar with water to obtain the proper consistency.

  6. To adjust, as the mathematical scale to the actual scale, or to that in actual use.

  7. To govern; to manage.

    Latinism · obsolete
  8. To combine in due proportions; to constitute; to compose.

    archaic
  9. To mingle in due proportion; to prepare by combining; to modify, as by adding some new element; to qualify, as by an ingredient; hence, to soften; to mollify; to assuage.

    archaic
    Puritan austerity was so tempered by Dutch indifference, that mercy itself could not have dictated a milder system.
  10. To fit together; to adjust; to accommodate.

    obsolete
Where this word comes from

From Middle English temperen, tempren, from Old English ġetemprian, temprian, borrowed from Latin temperō (“(transitive) to divide or proportion duly, to moderate, to regulate; (intransitive) to be moderate, temperate”), from tempus (“time, fit season”). Compare also French tempérer. Doublet of tamper. See temporal.

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Definitions, grammatical labels, IPA, etymology and examples: Wiktionary contributors, extracted by Kaikki / Wiktextract. Adapted under CC BY-SA 4.0. Selected fields and authored examples are shown; third-party quotations and audio are omitted. See contributor history.

Last enriched 2026-09-10. Definitions are in English. Romanizations are shown when supplied by the source; syllable estimates are omitted for unsupported scripts.